OS One-Inch Old Series / First Edition Map Viewer (Sheet 98)

Ordnance Survey One-Inch First Edition Old Map of Westmorland, Yorkshire, Durham fringe, Cumberland fringe: Old Series map of OS Old Series Map Sheet 98 (North Pennines, upper Tees/Eden/Lune uplands inferred).

Please note that the modern reference map on the split screen is intended as a guide only.

Old Series Map Index

 

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Landscape and Archaeological Assessment

Landscape Classification

This sheet represents a lake, mountain and valley landscape landscape, characterised by Lake District fells, Windermere/Kendal routeways, Lune valley and high pass corridors.

Archaeological Landscape

The primary archaeological theme is Lake District fells, Windermere/Kendal routeways, Lune valley and high pass corridors archaeology. Enhanced prediction from Roman-road, ridgeway, hillfort/enclosure, villa/estate, road-convergence, coastal/marsh-edge and river-crossing logic.

High Visibility Locations

Kendal/Kent Valley Route Core, Windermere Lake-Edge Belt

Terrain Archaeology

The terrain is interpreted using hachures. Relief is represented by hachures, allowing inference of ridgeways, high points, spur ends, valley approaches and likely route/crossing logic.

Main Geographic Information

Sheet XCVIII / 98 is dominated by high shaded relief and sparse upland settlement. It is interpreted as North Pennine/upper valley country, though precise county attribution remains provisional.

Main Landscape Features

Sheet 98 shows a mixed area of upland Pennine watershed and upper valleyslake, mountain and valley landscape Lake District fells, Windermere/Kendal routeways, Lune valley and high pass corridors moorland watershed, steep-sided valleys, sparse villages and extensive high relief . The map is useful for studying early 19th Century historic settlement patterns, Roman road alignments, early archaeological site indentification, how roads, old tracks, lanes and paths, villages, waterways and field systems related to the wider nineteenth-century landscape.

Main Geographic Features

Archaeological Predictions

Archaeological Hotspots

Kendal/Kent Valley Route Core is interpreted as a route convergence, river crossing and medieval market archaeology landscape. Windermere Lake-Edge Belt is interpreted as a lake landing, estate and routeway archaeology landscape. Lake District Pass and Ridge Belt is interpreted as a prehistoric route, cairn and upland enclosure potential landscape.

Historic Routes, Crossings and Connections

Windermere - Kendal corridor is interpreted as a route/river/coastal corridor. Historic crossing points where roads, trackways or routeways converge on significant water features are widely recognised as archaeological hotspots. Crossing points often acted as gateways within the historic landscape. Because movement was channelled through these locations, archaeological evidence may occur both at the crossing itself and along the routes leading towards it, forming broader zones of archaeological potential rather than isolated sites.Kendal regional route corridor is interpreted as a settlement and topographic route corridor. Historic crossing points where roads, trackways or routeways converge on significant water features are widely recognised as archaeological hotspots. Crossing points often acted as gateways within the historic landscape. Because movement was channelled through these locations, archaeological evidence may occur both at the crossing itself and along the routes leading towards it, forming broader zones of archaeological potential rather than isolated sites.

Historic Gateways and Crossing Places

Windermere crossing/route node is a river crossing or upland pass route node. Kendal crossing/route node is a river crossing or upland pass route node. River Kent crossing/route node is a river crossing or upland pass route node.

Main Places